graphics

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Desk Toy Ready To Go

PP0001 is our first Creo 7 based 3D assembly which is going to be built as a physical prototype. It’s been a great exercise in learning Creo, and just simple mechanical engineering. We will have the parts 3D printed via Catalyst Services out of ABS and Nylon. Several reamers have been ordered from McMaster Carr to hopefully achieve a press fit and a slip fit for the steel pins.

Here are the final renders.

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VisPy Sinewave Demo

VisPy is quite an interesting tool.  They say it is for “scientific visualization”.  Here is an example of that.  I took a demo from their github page and added a little code to generate a sinewave.  The cool thing is that the graph, scaling, panning, zooming, and redrawing all come out of the box.

I previously wrote about installing VisPy.  Thanks to the great efforts of some unnamed people, Python on Windows is really working nicely now.

Here is a screenshot:

vis

Here is the code:


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) Vispy Development Team. All Rights Reserved.
# Distributed under the (new) BSD License. See LICENSE.txt for more info.
"""
Demonstration of InfiniteLine visual.
"""
import sys
import numpy as np
from vispy import app, scene
# vertex positions of data to draw
N = 200
pos = np.zeros((N, 2), dtype=np.float32)
x_lim = [50., 1750.]
y_lim = [–2., 2.]
pos[:, 0] = np.linspace(x_lim[0], x_lim[1], N)
pos[:, 1] = np.random.normal(size=N)
pos1 = np.zeros((20000,2), dtype=np.float32)
color1 = np.ones((20000,4), dtype=np.float32)
pos1[0,0] = 0.0
pos1[0,1] = 15.0
pos1[1,0] = 100.0
pos1[1,1] = –15.0
import math
for x in range(20000):
pos1[x,0] = x*10
pos1[x,1] = math.sin(x/20.) * 40.
# color array
color = np.ones((N, 4), dtype=np.float32)
color[:, 0] = np.linspace(0, 1, N)
color[:, 1] = color[::–1, 0]
canvas = scene.SceneCanvas(keys='interactive', show=True)
grid = canvas.central_widget.add_grid(spacing=0)
viewbox = grid.add_view(row=0, col=1, camera='panzoom')
# add some axes
x_axis = scene.AxisWidget(orientation='bottom')
x_axis.stretch = (1, 0.1)
grid.add_widget(x_axis, row=1, col=1)
x_axis.link_view(viewbox)
y_axis = scene.AxisWidget(orientation='left')
y_axis.stretch = (0.1, 1)
grid.add_widget(y_axis, row=0, col=0)
y_axis.link_view(viewbox)
# add a line plot inside the viewbox
#line = scene.Line(pos, color, parent=viewbox.scene)
line1 = scene.Line(pos1, color1, parent=viewbox.scene)
# add vertical lines
vert_line1 = scene.InfiniteLine(100, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
parent=viewbox.scene)
vert_line2 = scene.InfiniteLine(549.2, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0], vertical=True,
parent=viewbox.scene)
# add horizontal lines
hor_line1 = scene.InfiniteLine(0.3, [1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], vertical=False,
parent=viewbox.scene)
hor_line2 = scene.InfiniteLine(–5.1, [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0], vertical=False,
parent=viewbox.scene)
# auto-scale to see the whole line.
viewbox.camera.set_range((0,1000), (–100,100))
if __name__ == '__main__' and sys.flags.interactive == 0:
app.run()

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vis.py

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Installing VisPy on Windows 10

VisPy is a Python library for interactive scientific visualization that is designed to be fast, scalable, and easy to use.

Here is how I installed it:

First I installed the latest Python 3.6 on Windows 10 by following the directions on http://www.python.org.  Once this was installed, I opened up Windows PowerShell and ran this command:

py -m pip upgrade vispy PyQt5 --user

I found some sample code here, and using NotePad++, copied and pasted it, saving it to Desktop\Code\v1.py

https://github.com/vispy/vispy/blob/master/examples/basics/gloo/animate_shape.py

In PowerShell, I changed to the directory that I saved the python code to and ran it:

cd Desktop\Code
py .\v1.py

Here is the output:

zzzz

It’s a pretty smooth and clean looking UI.  It seems extremely powerful, but I’ll need to dig in and see what makes it tick…

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2D Sine Wave Example Using PyOpenGL

Here is an example of a moving 2D sine wave using Python 3, PyGame, and PyOpenGL.  See a https://blog.gahooa.com/2018/02/11/pygame-and-opengl-on-windows-10/  for how to install them.

sine

This sample program is designed to have a 100×60 unit working area with a 10 unit buffer around the edges.  You can see the axis in the lower-left (0,0) where Y+ is up, and X+ is to the right.

The structure of the program was created to make it super easy to work on the “guts” of the graphics without getting it confused with the “bookkeeping” end of OpenGL or PyGame.

Note: the glOrtho() command is how 2D “parallel perspective” is setup.  It defines the left, right, bottom, top, near plane, and far plane.  Because it is parallel, there is not the notion of a “camera” per-se, but rather section of the plane that should be viewed.  Documented here:

https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL-Refpages/gl2.1/xhtml/glOrtho.xml

Here is the code!


#!/usr/bin/env python
###############################################################################
# Action Happens Here 50 times per second
def tick(i):
#glRotatef(1, 0, 0, 1)
#glTranslatef(0, 0, 1)
# Draw Axis
axis(i)
# Draw sinewave
for x in range(200):
x = x/2.0
y = math.sin(math.radians(x+i) * 10) * 30 + 30
cquad((x,y,0), 1, (y/60.0,0,x/100.0)) #(center, diameter, color)
###############################################################################
# The rest of this is the bones that make it work
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.arrays import vbo
import math
FPS_TARGET = 50
def axis(i):
glBegin(GL_LINES)
#x = red
#y = green
#z = blue
glColor3f(1, 0, 0)
glVertex3fv((0, 0, 0))
glVertex3fv((1, 0, 0))
glColor3f(0, 1, 0)
glVertex3fv((0, 0, 0))
glVertex3fv((0, 1, 0))
glColor3f(0, 0, 1)
glVertex3fv((0, 0, 0))
glVertex3fv((0, 0, 1))
glEnd()
def quad(points, color):
glBegin(GL_QUADS)
glColor3f(*color)
for p in points:
glVertex3fv(p)
glEnd()
def cquad(point, size, color):
glBegin(GL_QUADS)
glColor3f(*color)
x,y,z = point
s = size/2.0
glVertex3fv((x–s,y–s,z))
glVertex3fv((x+s,y–s,z))
glVertex3fv((x+s,y+s,z))
glVertex3fv((x–s,y+s,z))
glEnd()
def main():
#initialize pygame and setup an opengl display
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_mode((1200,800), OPENGL|DOUBLEBUF)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) #use our zbuffer
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
#setup the camera
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
#gluPerspective(45.0,1000/1000,0.1,1000.0) #setup lens
#glOrtho(-10,10,-10,10,1,20)
glOrtho(–10,110,–10,70,–1,1)
#glTranslatef(0, 0, -100) #move back
#glRotatef(-20, 1, 0, 0) #orbit higher
nt = int(time.time() * 1000)
for i in range(2**63):
nt += 1000//FPS_TARGET
#check for quit'n events
event = pygame.event.poll()
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
break
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
tick(i)
pygame.display.flip()
ct = int(time.time() * 1000)
pygame.time.wait(max(1,nt – ct))
if i % FPS_TARGET == 0:
print(nt–ct)
if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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sinewave.py

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PyGame and OpenGL on Windows 10

First I went to http://www.python.org and downloaded the latest version of Python for windows.  I made sure to select the option to add it to the system path.

Then I opened windows PowerShell (just a nicer term)

py -m pip install pygame --user
py -m pip install numpy --user
py -m pip install pyopengl --user

(I also installed NoteTab++, a nice text editor)

From there, I went to github and copied one of the examples from https://github.com/pygame/pygame/blob/master/examples/glcube.py and saved it on my desktop as myglcube.py.

In PowerShell, you just type:

cd Desktop
py -m myglcube

Here is my example:

zzz

(here is the code)


#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Draw a cube on the screen. every frame we orbit
the camera around by a small amount and it appears
the object is spinning. note i've setup some simple
data structures here to represent a multicolored cube,
we then go through a semi-unopimized loop to draw
the cube points onto the screen. opengl does all the
hard work for us. :]
"""
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
try:
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
except ImportError:
print ('The GLCUBE example requires PyOpenGL')
raise SystemExit
#some simple data for a colored cube
#here we have the 3D point position and color
#for each corner. then we have a list of indices
#that describe each face, and a list of indieces
#that describes each edge
CUBE_POINTS = (
(0.5, –0.5, –0.5), (0.5, 0.5, –0.5),
(–0.5, 0.5, –0.5), (–0.5, –0.5, –0.5),
(0.5, –0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
(–0.5, –0.5, 0.5), (–0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
)
#colors are 0-1 floating values
CUBE_COLORS = (
(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0),
(1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)
)
CUBE_QUAD_VERTS = (
(0, 1, 2, 3), (3, 2, 7, 6), (6, 7, 5, 4),
(4, 5, 1, 0), (1, 5, 7, 2), (4, 0, 3, 6)
)
CUBE_EDGES = (
(0,1), (0,3), (0,4), (2,1), (2,3), (2,7),
(6,3), (6,4), (6,7), (5,1), (5,4), (5,7),
)
def drawcube():
"draw the cube"
allpoints = list(zip(CUBE_POINTS, CUBE_COLORS))
glBegin(GL_QUADS)
for face in CUBE_QUAD_VERTS:
for vert in face:
pos, color = allpoints[vert]
glColor3fv(color)
glVertex3fv(pos)
glEnd()
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glBegin(GL_LINES)
"""
for line in CUBE_EDGES:
for vert in line:
pos, color = allpoints[vert]
glVertex3fv(pos)
"""
for x in range(–50,50):
glColor3f(x*.03%1.0, x*.04%1.0, x*.05%1.0)
glVertex3fv((x, 0, –100))
glVertex3fv((x, 0, 100))
glVertex3fv((–100, 0, x))
glVertex3fv((100, 0, x))
glEnd()
def main():
"run the demo"
#initialize pygame and setup an opengl display
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_mode((1024,768), OPENGL|DOUBLEBUF)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) #use our zbuffer
#setup the camera
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
gluPerspective(45.0,1024/768.0,0.1,100.0) #setup lens
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, –20.0) #move back
glRotatef(60, 1, 0, 0) #orbit higher
nt = int(time.time() * 1000)
for i in range(2**63):
nt += 20
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, –.1)
#check for quit'n events
event = pygame.event.poll()
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
break
#clear screen and move camera
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
#orbit camera around by 1 degree
glRotatef(1, 0, 1, 0)
drawcube()
pygame.display.flip()
ct = int(time.time() * 1000)
pygame.time.wait(max(1,nt – ct))
if i % 50 == 0:
print(nt–ct)
if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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myglcube.py

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